Comprehensive Guide to Selenium, Java, TestNG, and Cucumber for Automated Testing
You're working with Selenium + Java + TestNG + Cucumber,
which is a powerful combination for automated testing. Here's a deep dive into
each component and how they work together:
1️.Understanding the Components
🔹 Selenium
- A
browser automation tool used for UI testing.
- Supports
multiple browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Edge, etc.).
- Works
with different languages (Java, Python, C#, etc.).
🔹 Java
- The
programming language used to write test scripts.
- Supports
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) for structured test automation.
🔹 TestNG
- A
testing framework designed for parallel execution, annotations, and
reporting.
- Works
well with Selenium for test execution and assertions.
🔹 Cucumber
- A
Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) tool using Gherkin syntax.
- Makes
test cases more readable and understandable for non-technical
stakeholders.
2️.Setting Up the Framework
🔹 Maven Dependencies
(pom.xml)
To integrate all components, include these dependencies:
xml
<dependencies>
<!-- Selenium -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>4.10.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Cucumber Dependencies -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
<version>7.13.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-testng</artifactId>
<version>7.13.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- TestNG -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>7.7.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
3️⃣ Writing Tests with Cucumber
and Selenium
Step 1: Create a Feature File
- Located
in src/test/resources/features/login.feature
- Uses
Gherkin syntax:
gherkin
Feature: Login functionality
Scenario: Successful
login
Given the user is
on the login page
When the user
enters valid username and password
And clicks the
login button
Then the user
should be redirected to the homepage
Step 2: Implement Step Definitions
- Located
in src/test/java/stepDefinitions/LoginSteps.java
- Uses
Selenium WebDriver:
java
package
stepDefinitions;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import
org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import
io.cucumber.java.en.*;
import
org.openqa.selenium.By;
public class
LoginSteps {
WebDriver driver;
@Given("the user is on the login
page")
public void userOnLoginPage() {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"path/to/chromedriver");
driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://example.com/login");
}
@When("the user enters valid username
and password")
public void userEntersCredentials() {
driver.findElement(By.id("username")).sendKeys("testuser");
driver.findElement(By.id("password")).sendKeys("password123");
}
@And("clicks the login button")
public void userClicksLoginButton() {
driver.findElement(By.id("loginBtn")).click();
}
@Then("the user should be redirected
to the homepage")
public void userRedirectedToHomepage() {
String expectedUrl = "https://example.com/home";
String actualUrl =
driver.getCurrentUrl();
assert actualUrl.equals(expectedUrl) : "Test
Failed: Incorrect URL";
driver.quit();
}
}
Step 3: Create the Cucumber Test Runner
- Located
in src/test/java/testRunner/TestRunner.java
- Uses
TestNG for execution:
java
package
testRunner;
import
io.cucumber.testng.AbstractTestNGCucumberTests;
import
io.cucumber.testng.CucumberOptions;
@CucumberOptions(
features =
"src/test/resources/features",
glue = "stepDefinitions",
plugin = {"pretty",
"html:target/cucumber-reports.html"},
monochrome = true
)
public class
TestRunner extends AbstractTestNGCucumberTests {
}
4️.Running Tests
Using Maven Command
mvn test
Using TestNG
- Create
a testng.xml file:
xml
<suite
name="CucumberTestSuite">
<test name="CucumberTests">
<classes>
<class name="testRunner.TestRunner"/>
</classes>
</test>
</suite>
- Run
it in the terminal:
mvn clean test
5️.Enhancements
✅ Page Object Model (POM)
- Keeps
locators and actions separate from test scripts.
- Example
LoginPage.java:
java
package pages;
import
org.openqa.selenium.By;
import
org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
public class
LoginPage {
WebDriver driver;
By username = By.id("username");
By password = By.id("password");
By loginButton = By.id("loginBtn");
public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;
}
public void enterUsername(String user) {
driver.findElement(username).sendKeys(user);
}
public void enterPassword(String pass) {
driver.findElement(password).sendKeys(pass);
}
public void clickLogin() {
driver.findElement(loginButton).click();
}
}
✅ Parallel Execution with TestNG
Modify testng.xml
to enable parallel execution:
xml
<suite
name="ParallelSuite" parallel="tests" thread-count="2">
<test name="ChromeTest">
<parameter name="browser" value="chrome"/>
<classes>
<class name="testRunner.TestRunner"/>
</classes>
</test>
<test name="FirefoxTest">
<parameter name="browser" value="firefox"/>
<classes>
<class name="testRunner.TestRunner"/>
</classes>
</test>
</suite>
✅ Reporting
- Cucumber
Report Plugin:
- Modify
@CucumberOptions in TestRunner.java:
java
plugin =
{
"pretty",
"html:target/cucumber-reports.html",
"json:target/cucumber-reports.json"
}
- Extent
Reports with TestNG
- Use
ExtentReports for advanced reporting.
Conclusion
🔹 Cucumber + Selenium
+ Java + TestNG provides a structured and scalable way to automate testing.
🔹
Use Page Object Model (POM) and parallel execution for
maintainability and efficiency.
🔹
Generate HTML and JSON reports to analyze test results.
Do you need help with parallel execution, reporting,
CI/CD (Jenkins), or handling dynamic web elements? 🚀
